Hi, I understand you are an Australian studying in Germany while having regular visa-free status there (i.e. no posession of student visa). In that case the visa-free status (which includes the 90/180 rule) determines your eligibility of staying in the Schengen area. The fact that you have a visa interview, proof of residential address, and proof of student status itself is not an extension to your status (or exception to the 90/180 rule).
In general, if you need to stay in the Schengen area longer, you would need to apply for visa, even if you as an Australian citizen are eligible for the 90/180 visa-free travel. And, if you need to "overstay" this visa, then you could apply for an extension. In your case, you are looking for an extension to the 90/180 rule. The visa code does not include paragraphs for this case but it includes paragraphs for visa extension. As per the regulation (EC) No 810/2009, Visa Code, CHAPTER V, Article 33, the reason for your "overstay" does not meet these conditions. See this thread for more details on this topic:
Extension to visa. However, if you apply for an extension of your status, this code might be used as analogy. The result depends on the judgment of the officer processing your request.